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Muharram is a blessed and important month. It is the first
month of the Hijri calendar and it is one of the four sacred
months concerning which Allah says:
Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve [lunar]
months in the register of Allah [from] the day He created
the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred. That is
the correct religion, so do not wrong yourselves during
them… (At-Tawbah 9:36)
Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the
Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "(The division of time
has turned to its original form which was current when
Allah created the Heavens and the Earths. The year is of
twelve months, out of which four months are sacred: Three
are in succession Dhul-Qi`dah, Dhul-Hijjah and Muharram,
and (the fourth is) Rajab of (the tribe of ) Mudar which
comes between Jumada Thani and Sha` ban." (Al-Bukhari)
Why is it called Muharram?
Muharram is so called because it is a sacred month and to
confirm its sanctity. Almighty Allah says:
"... so do not wrong yourselves during them…" (At-Tawbah 9:36)
The verse urges us no to wrong ourselves in these sacred
months, because sin in these months is worse than in
other months. It was reported that Ibn `Abbas (may Allah
be pleased with him) said that this phrase referred to all
the months, then these four were singled out and made
sacred, so that sin in these months is more serious and
good deeds bring a greater reward.
Ibn Rajab said: "The Prophet (peace be upon him) has
tagged Muharram 'Allah's Month', and attributing it to
Allah grants it honor, because only the best of Allah’s
creation is attributed in that manner to Him, just as He
attributed Muhammad, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the
other prophets to his worship as well as His House
(Ka`bah) and His camel.
The Virtues of Muharram
Ibn Rajab said: "The scholars differed in the issue of which
of the sacred months is best? Al-Hasan Al-Basri and others
said: “The best month is the month of Muharram.” This
view is favored by the later scholars. Wahb ibn Jarir
reported from Qurrah ibn Khalid that Al-Hasan Al-Basri
(may Allah have mercy upon him) said: “Allah began the
year with a sacred month and ended it with another
sacred month, there is no month in the year after the
month of Ramadan that is greater than the month of
Muharram. For this reason it was called the 'Deaf Month'
for the severity of its sanctity.”
History of `Ashura’
Ibn `Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) narrated
that the Prophet (peace be upon him) came to Madinah
and saw the Jews fasting on the day of `Ashura’. He asked
them about that. They replied, "This is a good day, the day
on which Allah rescued Bani Israel from their enemy. So,
Moses (peace be upon him) fasted this day." The
Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "We have more
claim over Moses than you." So, the Prophet fasted
on that day and ordered (the Muslims) to fast (on
that day).